Eau de Cologne or water of Cologne in French, Kölnisch Wasser in German is a type of light perfume that originated in Cologne, Germany and is defined by its typical concentration of about 2-5% essential oils.

In a base of dilute ethanol (70-90%), Eau de Cologne contains a mixture of citrus oils including oils of lemon, orange, tangerine, bergamot, lime, grapefruit and neroli. It can also contain oils of lavender, rosemary, thyme, petitgrain, and jasmine.

Eau de Cologne is a spirit-citrus perfume launched in Cologne in 1709 by Giovanni Maria Farina 1685-1766, an Italian perfumer from Santa Maria Maggiore Valle Vigezzo, Italy. When Farina composed the perfume, he said he wanted it to have the odor of an Italian spring morning after the rain.

The Original Eau de Cologne was used only as a perfume or fragrance, and Napoleon was a particular enthusiast of the Farina Eau de Cologne.

Eau de Cologne, or just "cologne", has now become a generic term. Ironically, however, the original Eau de Cologne from Cologne is not an Eau de cologne, but an Eau de toilette, because it contains more than 5% aromatic compounds.

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